Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Deficient processing of regularity violations during visuospatial neglect: a visual mismatch negativity study.

Neuropsychologia·2026

Same author

A two-process account of event-related potentials to stimuli violating sequential regularity? Comment on Harenbrock, Schlossmacher et al. (2026) paper.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2026

Same author

Automatic pairing of real-world stimuli in younger and older adults: An event-related potential study.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Revisiting object contextual cueing: A replication study on implicit learning.

Acta psychologica·2026

Same author

Cognitive training effects are shaped more by individual brain dynamics than age-evidence from younger and older women.

GeroScience·2025

Same author

Comparison of visual evoked potential variability in eyes affected by optic neuritis and fellow eyes.

Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visual mismatch negativity: a predictive coding view.

Gábor Stefanics¹, Jan Kremláček², István Czigler³

¹Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

|October 4, 2014

Summary

This review clarifies visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) research by examining theoretical foundations and methodological best practices. It offers guidance for accurate vMMN measurement and interpretation in cognitive studies.

Keywords:

EEG ERP perceptual learning prediction error predictive coding repetition suppression stimulus specific adaptation visual mismatch negativity

More Related Videos

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) is increasingly used to study human cognition.
Understanding vMMN requires addressing theoretical and methodological challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the theoretical basis of vMMN.
To provide recommendations for measuring and interpreting vMMN.
To discuss key issues in vMMN research within a predictive coding framework.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on vMMN.
Analysis of experimental protocols and procedures.
Discussion of attention control methods.
Examination of vMMN in relation to veridical perception.

Main Results:

Identifies critical factors influencing vMMN measurement.
Highlights the importance of controlling refractoriness and attention.
Discusses the relationship between vMMN and conscious perception.

Conclusions:

Provides a framework for robust vMMN research.
Offers practical recommendations for experimental design and data interpretation.
Emphasizes the utility of vMMN for probing cognitive processes.