Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

9.3K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
9.3K
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

30.9K
DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
30.9K
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

37.8K
During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
37.8K
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

7.5K
Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...
7.5K
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

51.7K
Overview
51.7K
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

156.5K
Overview
156.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Generalist biological artificial intelligence in modeling the language of life.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Virtual Cell Challenge: Toward a Turing test for the virtual cell.

Cell·2025
Same author

The Good and Bad of RNA:DNA Hybrids in Double-Strand Break Repair.

Molecular cell·2016
Same author

CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing without DNA Double-Strand Breaks.

Molecular cell·2016
Same author

Replication Origin Specification Gets a Push.

Molecular cell·2015
Same author

Regulating transcription traffic around DSBs.

Molecular cell·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.2K

eRNAs lure NELF from paused polymerases.

Brian S Plosky1

  • 1Molecular Cell, Cell Press, 600 Technology Square, 5th Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Molecular Cell
|October 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) bind to NELF, facilitating its removal from gene promoters. This action releases paused RNA polymerase II, driving the expression of immediate-early genes in neurons.

Area of Science:

  • Gene regulation
  • Molecular biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are transcripts originating from enhancer elements.
  • eRNAs have been implicated in regulating gene expression.
  • The precise function of eRNAs in gene activation remains under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of eRNAs in the regulation of immediate-early gene expression.
  • To investigate the interaction between eRNAs and the Negative Elongation Factor (NELF).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of eRNA transcription and function in neuronal cells.
  • Biochemical assays to determine the binding of eRNAs to NELF.
  • Studies on the impact of eRNAs on NELF localization at gene promoters.

More Related Videos

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.2K
Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
05:37

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

Published on: April 4, 2025

1.2K
Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
10:59

Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events

Published on: May 13, 2019

9.2K
Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
07:27

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Published on: April 29, 2010

16.0K

Main Results:

  • Upon activation, eRNAs bind to NELF.
  • This binding is crucial for the transient removal of NELF from gene promoters.
  • The release of paused RNA polymerase II by NELF removal leads to the expression of immediate-early genes.

Conclusions:

  • eRNAs play a critical role in facilitating gene transcription by modulating NELF activity.
  • eRNAs act as key mediators in the rapid transcriptional response of neurons.