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Resistance exercise program effects on abdominal function and physique.

T R Thomas, M B Ridder

    The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness
    |March 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that abdominal crunch (AC) and incline sit-up (ISU) exercises effectively improve abdominal muscle strength and power. However, these exercises alone do not significantly reduce stomach fat or girth.

    Area of Science:

    • Exercise Physiology
    • Sports Science
    • Kinesiology

    Background:

    • Abdominal exercises are popular for improving core strength and aesthetics.
    • Limited research compares the efficacy of different abdominal training methods on both muscular function and body composition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effects of abdominal crunch (AC) machine, seated incline (SI) machine, and incline sit-up (ISU) exercises on abdominal muscular function and physique.
    • To determine if specific abdominal exercises can alter abdominal skinfolds and girths.

    Main Methods:

    • Forty-five participants (18-26 years) were randomized into three training groups: AC, SI, or ISU.
    • Strength training was conducted three times per week for 10 weeks.
    • Measurements included abdominal muscular strength, endurance, power, flexibility, skinfolds, and girths.

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    Main Results:

    • All groups showed improvements in abdominal muscular strength and endurance.
    • The ISU and AC groups demonstrated enhanced muscular power (timed sit-up).
    • Flexibility was maintained or improved across all groups; abdominal skinfolds tended to increase, and girths remained largely unchanged.

    Conclusions:

    • Abdominal weight machines (AC, SI) and traditional incline sit-ups (ISU) are effective for enhancing abdominal muscular function.
    • Local abdominal exercise alone is insufficient for reducing abdominal fat (skinfolds) or girths.