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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

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Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs in human intervertebral disc degeneration: a microarray related study.

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    Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are differentially expressed in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Up-regulated RP11-296A18.3 lncRNA likely promotes Fas-associated protein factor-1 (FAF1) overexpression, driving disc cell apoptosis in IDD.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Molecular Biology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators in biological processes.
    • Dysregulated lncRNA expression is implicated in various human diseases.
    • The role of lncRNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remains largely unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the differential expression of lncRNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD).
    • To explore the potential roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs in IDD pathogenesis.

    Main Methods:

    • lncRNA-mRNA microarray analysis of human nucleus pulposus (NP) samples.
    • Bioinformatics predictions for functional annotation of differentially expressed lncRNAs.
    • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for validation of selected lncRNAs and mRNAs.

    Main Results:

    • Microarray analysis revealed significant differential expression of numerous lncRNAs and mRNAs in IDD.
    • Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis highlighted pathways like ECM-receptor interaction.
    • A coding-noncoding gene co-expression network identified lncRNAs associated with cell migration and phosphorylation, including RP11-296A18.3 and FAF1, which were upregulated in degenerative discs.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides the first evidence of aberrant lncRNA expression in IDD.
    • Upregulated RP11-296A18.3 is suggested to induce FAF1 overexpression, promoting disc cell apoptosis.
    • These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IDD etiology.