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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Setup and Execution Of the Blindfolded Code Training Exercise
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Coaching during a trauma surgery team training: perceptions versus structured observations.

Alexander Alken1, Edward Tan2, Jan-Maarten Luursema2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Academic Educational Institute, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Surgery
|October 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trainee and faculty perceptions of surgical coaching skills do not align with observed behaviors. Self-assessments and trainee feedback inaccurately reflect actual coaching quality and skill deficits during training.

Keywords:
CoachingFaculty perceptionFeedbackNon-technical skillsTeam trainingTrainee perception

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Healthcare Simulation

Background:

  • Assessing coaching skills in surgical training using perception is challenging.
  • This study evaluated perceptions versus objective observations of coaching during emergency surgery team training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare perceived coaching effectiveness with objectively measured coaching behaviors.
  • To determine if trainee and faculty perceptions accurately reflect coaching quality.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative assessment of coaching skills (feedback, instruction) from video recordings of training scenarios.
  • Comparison of video-based scores with trainee and faculty questionnaire ratings.

Main Results:

  • Trainee and faculty ratings for coaching were higher than observed scores.
  • High ratings for non-technical skills and feedback were not supported by video analysis.
  • Objective observations revealed lower scores in key coaching categories than perceived.

Conclusions:

  • Both trainees and faculty tend to overestimate coaching effectiveness.
  • Questionnaires and self-reports fail to accurately represent actual coaching activities.
  • Perception-based assessments do not identify deficits in coaching skills during surgical training.