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Dural-based Rosai-Dorfman disease: differential diagnostic considerations
Richard A Prayson1, J Jordi Rowe1
1Cleveland Clinic, Department of Pathology, L25, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Summary
Rosai-Dorfman disease, a rare non-neoplastic condition, can affect the central nervous system, presenting as a dural mass. Diagnosis involves identifying characteristic histiocytic cells and lymphocytes within the lesion.
Area of Science:
- Neuropathology
- Histiocytic Disorders
Background:
- Extranodal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease) is a rare, non-neoplastic proliferative disorder.
- Central nervous system involvement by Rosai-Dorfman disease is exceptionally uncommon.
Observation:
- This report details a case of a 28-year-old male presenting with seizures and a dural-based mass.
- The dural mass was initially suspected to be a meningioma based on imaging.
Findings:
- Surgical resection revealed a lesion characterized by large, S-100 protein-positive histiocytic cells.
- The histiopathology showed intermixed benign lymphocytes and plasma cells, with emperipolesis (lymphocytes within histiocytes).
Implications:
- This case highlights the importance of considering Rosai-Dorfman disease in the differential diagnosis of dural masses.
- Accurate histopathological identification is crucial for appropriate management and distinguishing it from neoplastic lesions.
Keywords:
Brain tumorDural massExtranodal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathyRosai–Dorfman disease
