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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

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UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a...
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UV–Vis Spectrum01:30

UV–Vis Spectrum

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When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.     
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Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares01:20

Calibration Curves: Linear Least Squares

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A calibration curve is a plot of the instrument's response against a series of known concentrations of a substance. This curve is used to set the instrument response levels, using the substance and its concentrations as standards. Alternatively, or additionally, an equation is fitted to the calibration curve plot and subsequently used to calculate the unknown concentrations of other samples reliably.
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A Simple Method for Automated Solid Phase Extraction of Water Samples for Immunological Analysis of Small Pollutants
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Method validation using weighted linear regression models for quantification of UV filters in water samples.

Claudia Pereira da Silva1, Elissandro Soares Emídio1, Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi1

  • 1Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP 14801-970, Brazil.

Talanta
|October 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A validated method using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry accurately analyzes UV filters like benzophenone-3 in water. This reliable technique ensures precise detection of these common sunscreen ingredients in environmental samples.

Keywords:
HeteroscedasticityMatrix effectUV filtersValidationWeighted regression

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in sunscreens and personal care products.
  • The presence of UV filters in aquatic environments raises concerns about their environmental impact.
  • Accurate analytical methods are crucial for monitoring UV filter contamination in water.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a method for analyzing four common UV filters: benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl salicylate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and octocrylene.
  • To assess the method's suitability for determining UV filter levels in water samples from treatment plants.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-phase extraction (SPE) for sample preparation.
  • Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for separation and detection.
  • Weighted least squares linear regression for calibration due to heteroscedasticity.

Main Results:

  • The validated method demonstrated satisfactory selectivity, trueness, and precision.
  • Recoveries ranged from 62% to 107% across four fortification levels.
  • Relative standard deviations were below 14%, with detection limits from 7.6 to 24.1 ng L(-1).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed GC-MS/MS method is reliable and suitable for quantifying UV filters in water samples.
  • The method was successfully applied to analyze water from treatment plants in São Paulo, Brazil.
  • This validated technique contributes to environmental monitoring of UV filter pollution.