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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Overview01:06

Potentiometry: Overview

4.4K
Potentiometry is an analytical technique that measures the potential difference between two electrodes in an electrochemical cell without drawing any significant current that could alter the solution's composition. This method employs an indicator electrode, which exchanges electrons with the analyte solution, and a reference electrode with a constant potential. Each electrode is immersed in a solution comprised of two half-cells. In a conventional setup, the reference electrode serves as...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
2.2K
Potentiometric Titration: Overview01:31

Potentiometric Titration: Overview

5.6K
Potentiometric titration is a quantitative analytical technique that determines the concentration of an analyte by measuring the potential difference between the two electrodes in the solution. The endpoint of a potentiometric titration is the point at which there is a significant change in the potential difference. It occurs when the stoichiometric reaction between the analyte and the titrant is complete. The endpoint is usually determined graphically by plotting the measured potential...
5.6K
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

2.4K
Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
2.4K
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

1.3K
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
1.3K
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

891
Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential...
891

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Determination of urine ionic composition with potentiometric multisensor system.

Irina Yaroshenko1, Dmitry Kirsanov2, Lyudmila Kartsova3

  • 1Chemistry Department, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Mendeleev Center, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Bioanalytical Laboratory CSU "Analytical Spectrometry", St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Box 27, Gzhatskaya Street 27, 198220 St. Petersburg, Russia; ITMO University, Kronverkskiy pr., 49, 197101 St. Peterssburg, Russia.

Talanta
|October 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel potentiometric multisensor system offers a fast and affordable method for analyzing urine ionic composition. This system shows promise for diagnosing conditions like urolithiasis, aiding in patient care.

Keywords:
Biochemical analysis of urineChemometricsElectronic tonguePotentiometric multisensor systemUrine ionic composition

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Urine ionic composition is crucial for diagnosing conditions like urolithiasis.
  • Current urine analysis methods are costly, labor-intensive, and require specialized expertise.
  • Increasing environmental factors and malnutrition contribute to a rise in urinary tract issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of a potentiometric multisensor system for determining urine ionic composition.
  • To develop a rapid and cost-effective alternative to existing urine analysis techniques.
  • To assess the system's accuracy against a reference method like capillary electrophoresis.

Main Methods:

  • A potentiometric multisensor system with 18 ion-selective and cross-sensitive sensors was developed.
  • 136 urine samples from urolithiasis patients and healthy individuals were analyzed.
  • Chemometric approaches, including logistic regression (LR) and Projection on Latent Structures (PLS) regression, were employed.

Main Results:

  • The multisensor system accurately classified samples as healthy or unhealthy with reasonable misclassification rates using LR.
  • PLS regression enabled quantitative analysis of urine ionic composition.
  • Mean relative errors for predicting key ions (sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, urate, creatinine) ranged from 3-13%.

Conclusions:

  • The potentiometric multisensor system demonstrates significant potential as a fast, inexpensive, and reliable tool for urine analysis.
  • This technology could improve diagnostics for urolithiasis and other urine-related conditions.
  • Further development could lead to a widely accessible method for monitoring patient health via urine composition.