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Thyroid dysfunction in individuals with Down syndrome.

D L Friedman1, T Kastner, W S Pond

  • 1Developmental Disabilities Center, Morristown Memorial Hospital, NJ 07960.

Archives of Internal Medicine
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with Down syndrome often have undiagnosed thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism. Regular screening for thyroid disease is crucial for this population to ensure adequate healthcare.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diseases.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is a common comorbidity in individuals with Down syndrome.
  • Community-based healthcare models require evaluation for specific health needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of previously unrecognized autoimmune thyroid dysfunction in community-based patients with Down syndrome.
  • To assess the need for routine thyroid screening in this population.
  • To identify potential associations between thyroid dysfunction and demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 138 community-based patients with Down syndrome.
  • Clinical examination and laboratory testing for thyroid function (thyrotropin, thyroxine) and autoantibodies (antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin).

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  • Analysis of associations between thyroid status, age, and sex.

    • Main Results:

    • 20.3% of patients had undiagnosed hypothyroidism; 1.4% had undiagnosed hyperthyroidism.
    • 26 out of 66 tested patients (39.4%) had positive thyroid autoantibodies.
    • No significant association found between age/sex and thyrotropin or autoantibodies; mild significance between thyroxine and sex.

    Conclusions:

    • A significant proportion of individuals with Down syndrome in the community have undiagnosed thyroid disease.
    • Autoimmune hypothyroidism was noted in a higher-than-expected number of patients under 30.
    • Routine clinical and laboratory screening for thyroid disease is essential for all persons with Down syndrome.