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Related Concept Videos

Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

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The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
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Human parvovirus B19: a review.

L D Rogo, T Mokhtari-Azad, M H Kabir

    Acta Virologica
    |October 7, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a widespread respiratory pathogen impacting erythroid cells. Further research into its complex biology and pathogenesis is needed due to limited in vitro and animal models.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a common respiratory pathogen affecting all populations.
    • B19V infection presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations, some well-established and others debated.
    • The virus targets erythroid progenitors, leading to cell death via lysis or apoptosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the biology of Human parvovirus B19.
    • To provide insights into the virus's genetic evolution, tropism, and host interactions.
    • To highlight areas requiring further research.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of existing studies on B19V.
    • Analysis of molecular biology data due to limitations in classical virological studies.

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  • Examination of B19V's interaction with host cells and its pathogenetic potential.

    • Main Results:

    • B19V's unique biological characteristics, including its ssDNA genome and tropism for erythroid progenitors, are discussed.
    • The mechanism of B19V-induced cell death involving globoside (Gb4) receptor and NS1 protein is detailed.
    • Challenges in studying B19V, such as lack of efficient cell culture and animal models, are highlighted.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive understanding of B19V's biology, evolution, and pathogenesis remains incomplete.
    • Further molecular biology research is crucial for advancing knowledge of this underestimated virus.
    • This review aims to support ongoing and future research on B19V.