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Genetic variations in the Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and saitohin (STH) genes interact, impacting executive functions in schizophrenia patients. This suggests STH gene involvement in cognitive deficits associated with the disorder.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene regulates dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, crucial for executive functions often impaired in schizophrenia.
  • Emerging research suggests the saitohin (STH) gene may also contribute to hypofrontality in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential additive or interactive effects of COMT and STH gene polymorphisms on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
  • To explore the specific cognitive domains influenced by these genetic variations.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of COMT Val108/158Met and STH Q7R polymorphisms in 143 clinically stabilized schizophrenia patients.
  • Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT).

Main Results:

  • COMT polymorphisms significantly affected processing speed and executive functions.
  • STH polymorphisms demonstrated a significant impact on executive functions.
  • A significant interaction between COMT and STH polymorphisms was observed, with COMT Val/Val and STH R carriers exhibiting poorer executive function performance.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a significant interaction between COMT and STH gene polymorphisms on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
  • These findings highlight the role of the STH gene in cognitive impairments, particularly in executive functions relevant to schizophrenia.
  • The additive/interactive genetic effects underscore the complexity of the genetic underpinnings of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.