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Reprogramming cellular phenotype by soft collagen gels.

M Yakut Ali1, Chih-Yuan Chuang, M Taher A Saif

  • 1Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA61801. saif@illinois.edu.

Soft Matter
|October 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cell phenotype changes on soft collagen gels differ from synthetic gels. Fibroblasts and HCT-8 cells show enhanced spreading and monolayer formation, unlike metastasis-like phenotypes on polyacrylamide, indicating distinct cell-material interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Substrate stiffness influences cell behavior, including spreading, cytoskeleton organization, and proliferation.
  • Nuclear YAP localization is crucial for augmented spreading and proliferation on stiff substrates.
  • Polyacrylamide (PA) gels induce distinct cell responses, such as metastasis-like phenotypes in HCT-8 cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fibroblast and HCT-8 cell responses to soft collagen gels.
  • To determine if YAP localization is required for altered cell phenotypes on soft collagen.
  • To compare cell-material interactions on soft collagen gels versus synthetic PA gels.

Main Methods:

  • Culture of fibroblasts and HCT-8 cells on soft collagen gels (hundreds of Pascals).
  • Analysis of cell morphology, actin stress fibers, and focal adhesions.
  • Assessment of YAP localization and cell proliferation.
  • Comparison with cells cultured on stiff glass and soft PA gels.

Main Results:

  • Fibroblasts exhibit spread morphology, stress fibers, and focal adhesions on soft collagen gels, independent of YAP nuclear localization and proliferation.
  • HCT-8 cells show augmented spreading and form confluent monolayers on soft collagen gels, inhibiting the metastasis-like phenotype.
  • Cellular responses on soft collagen gels differ significantly from those on synthetic PA gels.

Conclusions:

  • Soft collagen gels induce distinct cellular phenotypes and cytoskeleton organization compared to synthetic PA gels.
  • Cell-material interactions with collagen can promote normal cell behaviors, overriding phenotypes induced by synthetic materials.
  • Findings suggest potential for designing functional biomaterials based on specific cell-material interactions.