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Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Complexometric Titration: Ligands

Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by mono- and bidentate ligands involves two or more intermediate steps, limiting their use as complexing agents. In comparison, polydentate ligands can form complexes with metal ions in a single-step process, facilitating sharper end points. This means polydentate ligands, such as amino carboxylic acid derivatives, are most commonly employed in...

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Author Spotlight: Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Phosphinothiolates as ligands for polyhydrido copper nanoclusters.

Miguel A Huertos¹, Israel Cano, Nuno A G Bandeira

¹Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain).

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|October 7, 2014

Summary

New copper hydride nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using phosphinothiolate ligands. These stable CuNPs release hydrogen gas upon heating or light exposure, offering potential applications in hydrogen storage and catalysis.

Keywords:

P,S ligands copper density functional calculations hydrides nanoclusters

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Structure and Coordination Determination of Peptide-metal Complexes Using 1D and 2D 1H NMR

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Published on: December 16, 2013

Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Copper complexes are versatile in catalysis and materials science.
Developing stable nanoparticles with controlled properties is crucial for advanced applications.
Hydride ligands in metal complexes can enable unique reactivity and hydrogen storage capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel air- and moisture-stable copper hydride nanoparticles (CuNPs).
To characterize the structure and properties of these new CuNPs.
To investigate the release of hydrogen from the CuNPs.

Main Methods:

Reaction of [CuI(HSC6 H4 PPh2 )]2 with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in dichloromethane/ethanol.
Isolation and X-ray crystallography of a representative copper hydride complex.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to locate hydride hydrogen atoms.
Thermolysis and visible light irradiation to induce H2 release.

Main Results:

Synthesis of air- and moisture-stable copper hydride nanoparticles (CuNPs) featuring phosphinothiolate ligands.
Determination of an unprecedented 28-atom framework in the crystal structure of [Cu18 H7 L10 I], with 18 copper and 10 sulfur atoms.
Identification of seven hydride hydrogen atoms crucial for charge balance, confirmed by DFT.
Demonstration of hydrogen gas (H2) release from CuNPs via thermolysis and visible light irradiation.

Conclusions:

Successfully synthesized novel, stable copper hydride nanoparticles with unique structural features.
The characterized structure provides insights into hydride incorporation and metal-sulfur frameworks.
The controlled release of hydrogen from CuNPs under thermal or photolytic conditions suggests potential for hydrogen storage or delivery applications.