Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 23, 2026
08:28
Stereolithographic 3D Printing with Renewable Acrylates
Published on: September 12, 2018
9.1K
Alternative coinitiators applicable to photocurable resin composites
Bruna Fortes Bittencourt, John Alexis Dominguez1, Paulo Vitor Farago
1Alameda Nabuco de Araujo 422 - Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil; Tel: 55-42-32245164; Fax: 55-42-32241166;
Oral Health and Dental Management
|October 7, 2014
Summary
Researchers are exploring new coinitiators for composite resins to enhance material properties and biocompatibility. Promising alternatives to traditional amines show potential, but further in vivo studies are needed.
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Polymer Chemistry
Background:
- Composite resins are widely used dental restorative materials.
- Their photopolymerization relies on photoinitiator systems, traditionally involving tertiary amines.
- Recent research focuses on improving these systems for better clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution of photoinitiator systems in composite resins.
- To emphasize recent developments in coinitiator research.
- To identify promising alternative coinitiators.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search from 1990-2013 in PubMed and Science Direct.
- Inclusion of full-text English articles using keywords: "coinitiators", "amines", "composite resins", "photopolymerization".
- Exclusion of meeting abstracts and short communications; hand search of references.
Main Results:
- Numerous coinitiators are being investigated as alternatives to tertiary amines.
- Focus is on improving physical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties of composite resins.
- Promising substitutes include polymerizable amines, natural compounds, and low-toxicity/antiseptic coinitiators.
Conclusions:
- Alternative coinitiators show potential for enhancing composite resin performance and biocompatibility.
- Appropriate concentration and reactivity are crucial for optimal properties.
- Further in vivo studies are necessary to validate the clinical performance of these novel coinitiators.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview
1.8K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
1.8K
01:25Accelerated Curing of Concrete
640
Accelerating concrete curing is achieved by applying heat and additional moisture. This process accelerates the hydration of the cement, resulting in an earlier strength gain in the concrete. Steam curing is a method wherein the concrete products are either transported through a chamber on a conveyor belt or encased in plastic, allowing steam at atmospheric pressure to circulate freely around them. This process begins with a phase of moist curing that typically lasts between 3 to 5 hours, after...
640
00:57Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
2.1K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.1K
01:04Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism
1.7K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
1.7K
01:24Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers
2.6K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.6K