High-dose-rate brachytherapy for vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma using a personalized mold in a 20-month old patient

Treatment of vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with conservative approaches is presently the standard of care. Intravaginal high-dose rate brachytherapy is a very effective treatment while sparing the normal tissue to preserve growth, fertility and prevent organ dysfunction. In this report, we describe the management of an infant with Stage I vaginal RMS, treated with chemotherapy, maximal safe resection and intravaginal brachytherapy using a customized mold and MRI and CT-based three-dimensional (3D) conformal planning, followed by a critical review of the literature.