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Development of a Social Activities Scale for Community-Dwelling Older Women Requiring Support in Japan: A Preliminary
Michiyo Hirano1, Kayoko Kawahara2, Kazuko Saeki1
1Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for measuring the social activities of community-dwelling older women requiring support in Japan.
Design And Sample:
A methodological study was performed of 118 older women (>65 years old) requiring support and residing in region A of Japan.
Measures:
An anonymous questionnaire was administered through individual interviews, and valid responses were obtained from 110 people. The construct validity of the resulting scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis. Criterion-related validity was tested by calculating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the resulting scale and the existing Social Activity Index for Elderly People (SAI-E). Reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
Results:
The Social Activity Scale for Community-Dwelling Older Women Requiring Support (SASOWS) was created. This scale comprised the following three subscales: "interactions with familiar people," "consulting with care service providers," and "performing proactive creative activities at home". Correlation of SASOWS with the existing SAI-E resulted in a correlation coefficient of .521 (p < .01). Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was .772, and internal consistency was observed.
Conclusions:
SASOWS appears to be a reliable, valid, and useful scale to measure social activities specific for older women requiring support. Future studies should continue to examine the items and usefulness of this scale.
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