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Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

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Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

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Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
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The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Systemic side-effects of topical corticosteroids.

Sandipan Dhar1, Joly Seth2, Deepak Parikh3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Institute of Child Health, Kolkata, India.

Indian Journal of Dermatology
|October 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Topical corticosteroids are effective for treating resistant skin conditions due to their anti-inflammatory properties. However, improper use, especially in children, can lead to serious systemic side effects because of increased skin absorption.

Keywords:
Adverse effectshypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axisinfants and childrenpercutaneous absorptiontopical corticosteroids

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Topical corticosteroids represent a significant advancement in dermatologic therapy.
  • Their potent anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects enable treatment of previously resistant dermatoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the therapeutic benefits of topical corticosteroids.
  • To emphasize the risks associated with inappropriate use, particularly in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on topical corticosteroid mechanisms and clinical applications.
  • Analysis of pediatric dermatologic cases and corticosteroid absorption characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Topical corticosteroids are highly effective for various skin conditions.
  • Children exhibit increased susceptibility to systemic adverse effects due to enhanced percutaneous absorption.

Conclusions:

  • While therapeutically valuable, topical corticosteroids require careful and appropriate application.
  • Clinicians must consider the heightened risk of systemic side effects in children when prescribing these agents.