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The Teenage Brain: Self Control.

Bj Casey1, Kristina Caudle1

  • 1Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical College 1300 York Ave, Box140 New York, New York 10065.

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Summary

Adolescence presents a mortality paradox: increased risk-taking behavior, not disease, causes untimely deaths. This is partly due to diminished self-control, impacting adolescent safety and well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent health

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by physical and cognitive maturation.
  • A notable paradox of adolescence is the increased mortality rate compared to childhood, primarily from preventable causes like accidents, suicide, and homicide.
  • These heightened risks are linked to adolescent behaviors, potentially stemming from underdeveloped self-control mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the paradox of increased mortality during adolescence despite enhanced physical and cognitive capabilities.
  • To investigate the role of self-control in adolescent risk-taking behaviors and mortality.
  • To delineate the neurobiological underpinnings of self-control variations in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on adolescent development, mortality, and self-control.
  • Analysis of factors influencing self-control, including age, context, and individual differences.
  • Examination of the neurobiological basis of self-control and its development.

Main Results:

  • Mortality rates significantly increase during adolescence due to external causes (accidents, suicide, homicide) rather than disease.
  • Diminished self-control is identified as a key factor contributing to adolescent risk-taking behaviors and vulnerability.
  • Self-control demonstrates variability influenced by age, situational context, and individual characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The increased mortality in adolescence is largely attributable to preventable behaviors driven by fluctuations in self-control.
  • Understanding the neurobiological basis of self-control is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate adolescent risks.
  • Targeting self-control development can enhance adolescent safety and promote successful transition to adulthood.