Atrial natriuretic peptide: a new cardiac hormone

For centuries the heart's mechanical function has been described, and its role defined, as that of a pump to maintain blood pressure for tissue perfusion. In the past decade the heart has also been identified as an endocrine organ in that it secretes a hormone variously referred to as atrial polypeptide, atriopeptin, auriculin, cardionatrin, or atrial natriuretic peptide. This hormone interacts with other organ systems in multiple and complex ways. Studies are in progress to elucidate further its physiologic importance, mechanism of action, and pathophysiologic significance in the development of certain cardiovascular and renal diseases, as well as other conditions with sodium and water imbalance. Also of great importance is its potential pharmacologic application in the treatment of these same diseases.