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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Determining Viral Disinfection Efficacy of Hot Water Laundering
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Nurses' uniforms: How many bacteria do they carry after one shift?

Marie-Anne Sanon1, Sally Watkins1

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 North Ingalls, Room 3356, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.

Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology
|October 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Healthcare uniforms carry significant bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), after a single shift. This pilot study highlights the potential risk of pathogen transmission when nurses wear uniforms outside the hospital. Further research and policy discussions are needed.

Keywords:
Scrubshealthcare providersinfectionsnursespathogensuniforms

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Area of Science:

  • Healthcare-associated infections
  • Microbiology
  • Infection control

Background:

  • Healthcare uniforms can potentially transport pathogens from clinical settings.
  • The practice of wearing uniforms outside the work environment raises concerns about community and home contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and types of bacteria on nursing uniforms worn outside the hospital.
  • To assess the potential for pathogen transmission via work uniforms.

Main Methods:

  • Sterilized uniforms were worn by 10 nurses during their shifts in Washington State.
  • Collected uniforms underwent laboratory analysis for heterotrophic bacteria, MRSA, and VRE.
  • Bacterial identification and colony counts per square inch were performed.

Main Results:

  • Average bacterial colony counts were 1,246 (day shift) and 5,795 (night shift) per square inch.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected on 4 day and 3 night shift uniforms.
  • Other identified bacteria included Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., and Micrococcus luteus.

Conclusions:

  • Nursing uniforms harbor significant bacterial loads, including potential pathogens, after a single shift.
  • The findings suggest a need for policy review regarding wearing healthcare uniforms outside the workplace.
  • Further studies are warranted to understand the full implications of uniform contamination.