Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.3K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.3K
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

11.3K
Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
11.3K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

9.8K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
9.8K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

131.4K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
131.4K
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

18.7K
18.7K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

19.9K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
19.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genomics as a time capsule: insights from Oreobates chiquitanus type specimens.

BMC genomics·2026
Same author

Deciphering high density lipoprotein (HDL) structure-function: Detailed analysis of HDL subfractions reveals molecular differences leading to atherosclerosis risk.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2026
Same author

Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in haemodialysis patients in Vienna.

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·2025
Same author

Ag<sub>5</sub>Pd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, a New Subvalent Silver Oxide, Obtained from Ag<sub>2</sub>PdO<sub>2</sub> via a High-pressure Synthesis.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Structural, functional and biochemical characterisation of apolipoprotein(a)-containing low-density lipoproteins.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2025
Same author

[Trichophyton mentagrophytes ITS genotype VIII/Trichophyton indotineae in Germany-revisit after 5 years].

Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same journal

The male-biased sex ratio in humans and its role in the transition from promiscuity to pair bonding.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Quantifying the counter-intuitive effects of vaccination by coupling the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and the evolution of human behaviors.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

An integrative model of FGF2-induced signaling and muscle cell proliferation.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

A hybrid reaction-diffusion and mechanical stimulus model for mandibular bone remodeling under chewing and vibratory loading.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Integrated tick management strategies in fragmented peridomestic environments.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
Same journal

Joint likelihood-free inference of the number of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms and their selection coefficients in an evolving population.

Journal of theoretical biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
08:14

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

16.5K

Stochastic gene expression with delay.

Martin Jansen1, Peter Pfaffelhuber2

  • 1University Medical Center Freiburg, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|October 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We updated a gene expression model to include transcription and translation delays. This new model precisely describes gene expression bursts and large molecule number variations in equilibrium.

Keywords:
Chemical reaction networkPoisson process

More Related Videos

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy
08:25

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: April 27, 2021

3.3K
Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
11:53

Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers

Published on: July 21, 2017

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting
08:14

Processing of Primary Brain Tumor Tissue for Stem Cell Assays and Flow Sorting

Published on: September 25, 2012

16.5K
Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy
08:25

Continuous Measurement of Biological Noise in Escherichia Coli Using Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: April 27, 2021

3.3K
Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers
11:53

Predicting Gene Silencing Through the Spatiotemporal Control of siRNA Release from Photo-responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers

Published on: July 21, 2017

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Gene expression involves transcription into RNA and translation into protein.
  • Classical models show gene expression occurs in bursts, leading to high molecule number variance.
  • Stochastic jump models are used to study gene expression dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the classical stochastic jump model of gene expression.
  • To incorporate delays in transcription and translation processes.
  • To derive formulas for the second-order structure of gene expression with delays.

Main Methods:

  • Stochastic jump modeling
  • Mathematical derivation of formulas
  • Analysis of gene expression dynamics with delays

Main Results:

  • Derived precise formulas for the second-order structure of gene expression.
  • Quantified the impact of transcription and translation delays on molecule number variance.
  • Showed that delays affect bursty gene expression dynamics in equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • The extended model provides a more accurate description of gene expression.
  • Delays in transcription and translation are crucial factors in gene expression variability.
  • The derived formulas enable better predictions of RNA and protein levels.