Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Activation Using Respiratory Motor Control Assessment RMCA in Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Published on: July 19, 2013
Core self-evaluations and Snyder's hope theory in persons with spinal cord injuries
Susan Miller Smedema1, Jacob Yuichung Chan2, Brian N Phillips1
1Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education.
Objective:
The objective of the study was to evaluate a motivational model of core self-evaluations (CSE), hope (agency and pathways thinking), participation, and life satisfaction in persons with spinal cord injuries.
Design:
A cross-sectional, correlational design with path analysis was used to evaluate the model.
Participants:
187 adults with spinal cord injuries participated in this study.
Results:
The results indicated an excellent fit between the data and the proposed model. Specifically, CSE was found to directly predict agency and pathways thinking, participation, and life satisfaction. CSE was also found to indirectly predict participation and life satisfaction through agency thinking.
Conclusions:
Although CSE contributes directly to participation and life satisfaction, it also has a unique role in increasing individuals' motivation to pursue goals, which also predicts participation and life satisfaction. Counseling interventions should be multifaceted and address the components of CSE to increase hope, participation, and life satisfaction.
Related Concept Videos
Social Foundations of Self III: Self-Evaluation
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

