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Types of Semiconductors

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Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...

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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

Published on: August 28, 2018

Electronics based on two-dimensional materials.

Gianluca Fiori¹, Francesco Bonaccorso², Giuseppe Iannaccone¹

¹Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.

Nature Nanotechnology

|October 7, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional materials offer advanced electronic devices beyond traditional silicon. These materials show promise for high-performance, low-power digital and analog applications, including flexible electronics.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Electrical Engineering

Background:

The electronics industry requires higher performance and lower power consumption.
Existing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology faces scaling limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials.
To assess their potential as alternatives to scaled CMOS switches.
To discuss their application in digital, analog, and flexible electronics.

Main Methods:

Literature review of 2D material electronic devices.
Analysis of performance metrics and figures of merit.
Discussion of material advantages and limitations.

Main Results:

2D materials present a viable technological option beyond scaled CMOS.
These materials offer significant advantages for both digital and analog applications.
2D materials are key enablers for flexible electronic systems.

Conclusions:

2D materials are crucial for future high-performance, low-power electronic devices.
Further research and development are needed to fully exploit their potential.
2D materials will drive innovation in flexible electronics and beyond.