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Potential biocontrol agents for biofouling on artificial structures.

Javier Atalah1, Emma M Newcombe, Grant A Hopkins

  • 1a Coastal & Freshwater Group , Cawthron Institute , Private Bag 2, Nelson 7010 , New Zealand.

Biofouling
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Native New Zealand invertebrates, particularly Cookia sulcata, effectively controlled biofouling on marine structures. This augmentative biocontrol method shows promise for mitigating fouling and preventing invasive species on coastal infrastructure.

Keywords:
biological controlfoulingnatural enemiesnon-indigenous speciespest management

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Biofouling on coastal structures causes operational issues and can introduce non-indigenous species.
  • Benthic predators and grazers can suppress biofouling and have potential as biocontrol agents.
  • Artificial enhancement of these organisms offers a sustainable solution for biofouling management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of New Zealand native invertebrates as biocontrol agents against biofouling on marine structures.
  • To evaluate the potential of augmentative biocontrol in mitigating established biofouling and preventing new accumulation.
  • To compare the performance of different invertebrate species in controlling biofouling.

Main Methods:

  • Caging experiments were conducted on marina pontoons and wharf piles.
  • The ability of selected invertebrates to reduce existing biofouling and prevent new growth was tested.
  • Retention, survival rates, and reduction in biofouling cover and biomass were measured.

Main Results:

  • Gastropods Haliotis iris and Cookia sulcata significantly reduced established biofouling cover (>55%) on pontoons.
  • Cookia sulcata removed 65% of biofouling biomass and reduced cover by 73% on wharf piles.
  • Cookia sulcata demonstrated superior retention and survival rates, largely preventing new biofouling accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • Augmentative biocontrol using native invertebrates is a viable strategy for managing biofouling on marine structures.
  • Cookia sulcata shows significant potential as an effective biocontrol agent for coastal infrastructure.
  • This approach can help mitigate operational impacts and reduce the risk of invasive species introduction.