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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Developing MR probes for molecular imaging.

Michael T McMahon1, Kannie W Y Chan2

  • 1F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Division of MR Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Advances in Cancer Research
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New "smart" magnetic resonance (MR) probes offer advanced capabilities beyond simple contrast enhancement for personalized medicine. This review details five categories of MR probes, including emerging types, and discusses their design, properties, and limitations.

Keywords:
CESTMRI probesPHIPSABRESEOPparaCEST

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular imaging
  • Personalized medicine
  • Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging probes

Background:

  • Molecular imaging is crucial for personalized medicine, with significant advancements in magnetic resonance (MR) probes.
  • MR probes have evolved from contrast enhancers to agents reporting physiological status ('smart' agents).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique features of five distinct categories of MR probes.
  • To describe the physical properties and design motivations for these probes.
  • To compare the strengths and weaknesses of each MR probe category.

Main Methods:

  • Review and categorization of existing and emerging MR probe technologies.
  • Analysis of probe design principles, focusing on physical properties and intended applications.
  • Comparative discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each probe type.

Main Results:

  • Identification of five key categories of MR probes: conventional contrast agents, targeted probes, 'smart' agents, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) probes, fluorine-19 ((19)F) probes, and hyperpolarized probes.
  • Discussion of the distinct capabilities and limitations associated with each category.
  • Acknowledgement of the need for hardware adaptation to detect novel MR probes.

Conclusions:

  • The development of advanced MR probes represents a paradigm shift in molecular imaging for personalized medicine.
  • Emerging MR probe categories like CEST, (19)F, and hyperpolarized agents offer new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.
  • Further research and technological development are required to fully leverage the potential of these next-generation MR probes.