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[Yellow nail syndrome: two pediatric case reports].

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Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) in children presents with yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory issues. Early investigation is crucial for diagnosis and management of this rare condition.

Keywords:
AnasarqueChildEnfantHydropsLungLymphedemaLymphœdèmeOngles jaunes (syndrome des)PoumonsXanthonychiaXanthonychieYellow nail syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Dermatology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is a rare disorder characterized by yellow nail dystrophy, lymphedema, and respiratory tract involvement.
  • Typically observed in middle-aged adults, YNS presents with characteristic nail changes, including onycholysis and ridging.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases of YNS are presented, a 9-year-old boy and a 14-year-old boy.
  • Both patients exhibited yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory symptoms, consistent with the classic YNS triad.
  • Lymphoscintigraphy in one patient revealed lymphatic hypoplasia, suggesting a potential underlying lymphatic abnormality.

Findings:

  • The pediatric cases confirm that YNS can manifest in children with the classic triad of yellow nails, lymphedema, and respiratory involvement.
  • Previous reports suggest a genetic predisposition in some pediatric YNS cases.
  • Lymphatic abnormalities, such as hypoplasia or ectasia, are frequently observed in YNS patients.

Implications:

  • The findings highlight the importance of considering YNS in the differential diagnosis of children presenting with yellow dystrophic nails, lymphedema, and respiratory symptoms.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term prognosis and specific management strategies for YNS in pediatric populations.
  • Investigating lymphatic abnormalities may be key to understanding the pathogenesis of YNS and its varied clinical presentations.