Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.1K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.1K
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

12
Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect...
12
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

12.3K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
12.3K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

20
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
20
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

7.4K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
7.4K
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

19
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
19

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Near-perfect genome sequencing in medical genetics.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Clinical Long-Read Genome Sequencing for Rare-Disease Diagnostics.

The New England journal of medicine·2026
Same author

HiFi sequencing accurately identifies clinically relevant variants in paralogous genes.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Monoallelic PSMB8 variants cause PRAAS with immunodeficiency through impaired immunoproteasome assembly.

American journal of human genetics·2026
Same author

Transcription-based identification of uncharacterized genes in the human immune response.

European journal of human genetics : EJHG·2026
Same author

A 5' UTR CCG expansion in <i>TBC1D7</i> causes oculopharyngodistal myopathy.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

11.9K

Human TLR10 is an anti-inflammatory pattern-recognition receptor.

Marije Oosting1, Shih-Chin Cheng1, Judith M Bolscher2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Toll-like receptor (TLR)10, previously lacking known function, acts as an inhibitory receptor. Blocking TLR10 enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine production, revealing its crucial role in immune modulation.

Keywords:
SNPsTLR10cytokinesimmunology

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.7K
Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1&#946; in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
09:04

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

19.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

11.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
06:08

Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence

Published on: September 22, 2023

2.7K
Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1&#946; in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
09:04

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 22, 2014

19.4K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptor (TLR)10 is the sole pattern-recognition receptor with undefined ligand specificity and biological function.
  • Understanding TLR10's role is critical for deciphering innate immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the function and biological role of Toll-like receptor (TLR)10.
  • To investigate TLR10's modulatory effects on immune responses, particularly in relation to TLR2.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized antagonistic antibodies to block TLR10 function in human cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • Employed co-transfection, cross-linking experiments, and genetic analysis of TLR10 polymorphisms.
  • Investigated cytokine production (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1Ra) and signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt).
  • Validated findings in transgenic mice expressing human TLR10.

Main Results:

  • Blocking TLR10 significantly enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., IL-1β) upon stimulation with TLR2 ligands.
  • TLR10 demonstrated inhibitory functions through heterodimerization with TLR2 and induction of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).
  • TLR10 polymorphisms correlated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, indicating a gene-dose effect.

Conclusions:

  • Toll-like receptor (TLR)10 functions primarily as a modulatory and inhibitory receptor in the immune system.
  • TLR10 plays a complex role in regulating innate immunity, involving interactions with TLR2 and induction of anti-inflammatory mediators.
  • These findings establish TLR10's inhibitory properties and its significance in immune response modulation.