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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunological Memory01:23

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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

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Immunological intervention with monoclonal antibodies.

P C Beverley1, G Riethmuller2

  • 1Peter Beverley is in the ICRF Human Tumour Immunology Group, University College London, UK.

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Summary

Monoclonal antibody therapies show promise for immunological intervention, with positive in-vitro and animal study results encouraging further research. While current human applications are uncertain, this early-stage therapeutic approach warrants continued investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Therapeutics

Background:

  • A workshop convened to discuss the potential of monoclonal antibodies for immunological intervention.
  • Current in-vivo human applications of monoclonal antibodies have uncertain benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state and future possibilities of monoclonal antibody-based therapies.
  • To assess the encouraging results from in-vitro and animal studies.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion and consideration of existing research and experimental data.
  • Expert insights from a workshop focused on monoclonal antibody applications.

Main Results:

  • In-vitro and animal studies provide positive data supporting monoclonal antibody efficacy.
  • Significant progress is being made, but human therapeutic benefits are not yet certain.

Conclusions:

  • Monoclonal antibodies represent an early-stage therapeutic strategy with potential for immunological intervention.
  • Continued research and development are necessary to overcome current uncertainties and realize the full potential of these agents.