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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Types of Fever01:25

Types of Fever

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Patterns of Fever01:26

Patterns of Fever

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Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.
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Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

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Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses
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Infectious disease, fever, and the immune response.

R B Ashman1, A Müllbacher

  • 1Department of Microbiology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia.

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Summary

Fever, a common response to infection in vertebrates, helps limit pathogen replication and boosts host immunity. This review examines how elevated body temperature impacts the immune system.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Physiology
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • Fever is a widespread physiological response observed across vertebrate species during infection.
  • The primary proposed functions of fever include inhibiting pathogen proliferation and augmenting host defense mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the phenomenon of fever in vertebrates.
  • To examine the specific effects of elevated body temperature on various components of the immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on fever and immunology.
  • Analysis of experimental data and theoretical models concerning thermoregulation and immune function.

Main Results:

  • Raised body temperature can directly inhibit the replication rate of certain pathogens.
  • Fever enhances the activity and efficiency of key immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages.
  • Thermoregulation plays a critical role in modulating the adaptive and innate immune systems.

Conclusions:

  • Fever is an evolutionarily conserved and beneficial host defense strategy.
  • Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of fever provides insights into optimizing treatments for infectious diseases.
  • Further research into the precise molecular mechanisms underlying fever's impact on immunity is warranted.