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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
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Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses

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T-cell function and specificity in athymic mice.

T Hunig1

  • 1Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, D-8700 Würzburg, FRG.

Immunology Today
|October 8, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers can now study T cells from athymic (nude) mice. This review explores how this new information advances understanding of T-cell development and diversity.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Recent advancements enable the study of functional T cells from cytotoxic and helper lineages in athymic (nude) mice.
  • Athymic mice lack a thymus, traditionally limiting T cell research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the implications of studying T cells from athymic mice.
  • To discuss the contribution of this new data to understanding T-cell ontogeny.
  • To explore insights into the generation of T-cell diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of functional T cell data derived from athymic mouse models.

Main Results:

  • Functional cytotoxic and helper T cells can now be derived from athymic mice.

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  • New data provides a unique perspective on T-cell development pathways.
  • Insights into the mechanisms generating T-cell repertoire diversity are emerging.

    • Conclusions:

    • Studying T cells from athymic mice offers novel perspectives on T-cell ontogeny.
    • This research is crucial for understanding the generation and diversity of T cell populations.
    • Further research in this area promises significant contributions to immunology.