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Updated: Apr 22, 2026
A Multi-Modal Approach to Assessing Recovery in Youth Athletes Following Concussion
Published on: September 25, 2014
Neuropsychological and psychological rehabilitation interventions in refractory sport-related post-concussive
Robert Conder1, Alanna Adler Conder
1Carolina Neuropsychological Service , Raleigh, NC , USA.
Background:
The neuropsychological, physical, vestibular and oculomotor sequelae of sports-related concussion are extremely well documented. However, there is a paucity of interventions for these symptoms in refractory sports-related concussions.
Aim:
The intent of this article is to review the known and emerging neuropsychological and psychological rehabilitation interventions for reducing morbidity in refractory sports-related concussions (SRCs).
Methods:
The authors openly acknowledge the limited amount of empirical data available for review, as did the Zurich consensus papers, but posit a mindful and ethical approach towards rehabilitation interventions in the absence of evidence-based guidelines. Further, rehabilitation interventions proven useful with similar injuries or illnesses, particularly non-sports-related mild TBI, will be reviewed for applicability. Such interventions include Cognitive-Behavioural psychotherapy, biofeedback, cranial electrical stimulation, neurofeedback and cognitive rehabilitation.
Results And Conclusions:
Modified approaches for rehabilitation with young children within family and school systems are provided. Recommendations for further research are offered.
