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Related Concept Videos

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Heterotopic Cervical Heart Transplantation in Mice
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Cerebral pathology post heart transplantation.

S Van Peteghem, M De Pauw

    Acta Clinica Belgica
    |October 9, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Heart transplant recipients often develop cerebral pathology, with severe complications like stroke and infection occurring in 10% of patients. These neurological issues significantly impact survival rates post-transplant.

    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Cardiology
    • Transplantation Medicine

    Background:

    • Cerebral pathology is a significant concern following heart transplantation, affecting up to 80% of patients within 15 years.
    • A wide range of neurological conditions can arise, from mild issues to life-threatening diseases.

    Observation:

    • At Ghent University Hospital, 171 orthotopic heart transplantations were performed since 1991, with a 10-year survival rate of 75%.
    • Severe cerebral complications were observed in 10 patients, including epilepsy, cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral infections, and a cerebral malignancy.

    Findings:

    • Among the 10 patients with severe cerebral complications, 7 experienced fatal outcomes.
    • Epilepsy occurred in 2 patients, cerebrovascular accidents in 4, cerebral infections in 3, and a cerebral malignancy in 1 patient.
    Keywords:
    Cerebral infection,Heart transplantation,Mortality,Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder

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    Implications:

    • Neurological complications represent a critical challenge in heart transplant management.
    • Understanding and mitigating these risks are crucial for improving long-term outcomes and survival in heart transplant recipients.