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Related Concept Videos

Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

20
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
20
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

829
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
829
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

1.0K
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
1.0K
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

17
Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

1.5K
Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
1.5K
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

18
Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center
07:48

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

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Spontaneous acalculous gallbladder perforation.

David Sheridan1, Almas Qazi2, Selina Lisa2

  • 1West Middlesex University Hospital, Middlesex, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|October 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A cognitively frail patient developed abdominal pain and confusion post-surgery, initially diagnosed as an incarcerated umbilical hernia. Surgery revealed a perforated gallbladder, highlighting diagnostic challenges in elderly patients with cognitive impairment.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center
07:48

Intraoperative Video Consultation Following Bile Duct Transection Facilitates Direct OR Transfer for Robotic Hepaticojejunostomy at Tertiary Center

Published on: January 9, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Surgery
  • Abdominal Surgery
  • Surgical Case Reports

Background:

  • Elderly patients, especially those with cognitive frailty, present unique diagnostic challenges.
  • Post-operative complications require careful evaluation, considering both surgical site and unrelated conditions.

Observation:

  • An 86-year-old woman, 4 days after right hip arthroplasty, experienced abdominal pain and confusion.
  • Initial diagnosis was incarcerated umbilical hernia, but intraoperative findings revealed bile in the peritoneal cavity.

Findings:

  • A gallbladder perforation was identified during surgery.
  • The gallbladder was thin-walled, perforated in multiple areas, and lacked gallstones.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the difficulty in diagnosing spontaneous gallbladder perforation in cognitively impaired elderly patients.
  • It emphasizes the need for a broad differential diagnosis in post-operative patients with altered mental status.