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Pathological consequences of systemic measles virus infection
Martin Ludlow1, Stephen McQuaid, Dan Milner
1Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.
The Journal of Pathology
|October 9, 2014
Summary
Measles virus (MV) uses two receptors, CD150 and poliovirus receptor-like 4 (PVRL4), to spread through the body. Understanding these pathways is crucial for measles pathogenesis and global eradication efforts.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pathogenesis
Background:
- Measles virus (MV) pathogenesis and transmission have been incompletely understood.
- The identification of poliovirus receptor-like 4 (PVRL4) as a second MV receptor provides critical insights.
- Advances in recombinant MV technology facilitate in vivo studies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding MV infection of immune, epithelial, and neural cells.
- To elucidate the role of cellular receptors in MV spread and pathogenesis.
- To discuss the implications for measles eradication and vaccination strategies.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of primate samples for early and acute disease stages.
- Examination of human tissue samples from patients with neurological sequelae.
- Utilizing wild-type and recombinant MVs expressing fluorescent proteins for detection.
Main Results:
- PVRL4, alongside CD150, governs in vivo tissue-specific MV spread and lesion patterns.
- Distinct cell-to-cell spread mechanisms are vital in lymphoid, epithelial, and neural tissues.
- Recombinant MVs aid in visualizing virus dissemination in living systems.
Conclusions:
- The dual receptor usage (CD150 and PVRL4) dictates MV tropism and pathology.
- Understanding MV spread mechanisms is essential for developing effective control strategies.
- Further research is needed to inform global measles eradication efforts.
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