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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
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[Motility and functional gastrointestinal disorders].

Fermín Mearin1, Enrique Rey2, Agustín Balboa1

  • 1Instituto de Trastornos Funcionales y Motores Digestivos, Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, España.

Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia
|October 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent studies highlight advances in understanding functional gastrointestinal disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome. Research explores new diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic diets like FODMAP, and innovative drug delivery methods for improved patient care.

Keywords:
Abdominal distensionDispepsia funcionalDistensión abdominalEstreñimiento funcionalFecal incontinenceFunctional constipationFunctional dyspepsiaFunctional gastrointestinal disordersIncontinencia fecalIrritable bowel syndromeSíndrome del intestino irritableTrastornos funcionales digestivos

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Diseases
  • Functional GI Disorders

Background:

  • Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) represent a significant clinical challenge.
  • Recent data on prevalence for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and fecal incontinence are presented.
  • Pathophysiological mechanisms of FGIDs, particularly IBS, are increasingly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key studies on functional and motor gastrointestinal disorders presented at Digestive Diseases Week 2014.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding IBS pathophysiology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • To discuss novel approaches for managing FGIDs and related symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies presented at the 2014 Digestive Diseases Week conference.
  • Analysis of recent prevalence data for IBS and fecal incontinence.
  • Examination of research on pathophysiological mechanisms including genetics, microbiota, and psychological factors.

Main Results:

  • New insights into microinflammation, genetics, and microbiota in IBS.
  • Increased focus on symptoms like abdominal distension in IBS and constipation.
  • Confirmation of dietary interventions (e.g., FODMAP) and efficacy of drugs like linaclotide for IBS.
  • Exploration of new drug delivery systems (nasal sprays, transdermal patches) for gastroparesis and vibrating capsules for constipation.

Conclusions:

  • Continued search for reliable biomarkers for FGIDs, especially IBS.
  • Dietary modifications and established therapies remain crucial for managing FGIDs.
  • Emerging technologies offer promising new avenues for treatment and symptom management in gastrointestinal motility disorders.