Pregnane X receptor as the "sensor and effector" in regulating epigenome.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Endocrinology
• Microbiology

Background:

• The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a nuclear receptor crucial for xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification.
• PXR also influences immune responses, metabolism, and gut microbiota homeostasis.
• Microbial metabolites like indole derivatives act as PXR ligands, mediating host-microbe interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on epigenetic mechanisms regulating PXR gene expression.
• To discuss the physiological significance of PXR-regulated epigenetic modifications.
• To highlight the role of PXR in host-microbiota mutualism.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on PXR and epigenetics.
• Analysis of PXR's role in xenobiotic metabolism and immune regulation.
• Examination of PXR's interaction with gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Main Results:

• PXR-regulated gene expression is controlled by epigenetic factors including chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA.
• Developmental epigenetic alterations can lead to persistent changes in PXR-mediated physiological responses.
• PXR plays a vital role in maintaining the gut ecosystem and host-microbe symbiosis.

Conclusions:

• Epigenetic mechanisms are key regulators of PXR function.
• Understanding PXR's epigenetic regulation offers insights into metabolic and immune homeostasis.
• PXR is central to the intricate interplay between host physiology and gut microbiota.