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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Patch testing in suspected allergic contact dermatitis to cosmetics.

Pramod Kumar1, Rekha Paulose2

  • 1Dermatology Department, KMC Hospital, Manipal University, Attavar, Mangalore 575 001, India.

Dermatology Research and Practice
|October 9, 2014
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics is rising, particularly in women. Patch testing identified face creams and hair dyes as common culprits, with gallate mix, cetrimide, and thiomersal as the main allergens.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Cosmetic use is increasing, leading to a rise in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
  • An estimated 1-5.4% of the population has cosmetic ingredient sensitization.
  • Patch testing is crucial for diagnosing cosmetic allergies and identifying specific allergens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct patch testing on patients with suspected cosmetic ACD.
  • To determine the most frequent cosmetic products and allergens causing dermatitis.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty patients with suspected cosmetic ACD underwent patch testing.
  • Tests included 38 antigens from the Indian Cosmetic Series and 12 from the Indian Standard Series.

Main Results:

  • ACD to cosmetics was confirmed in 76% of patients, predominantly females.
  • Face creams (20%), hair dyes (14%), and soaps (12%) were most frequently implicated.
  • Gallate mix (40%), cetrimide (28%), and thiomersal (20%) were the most common allergens.

Conclusions:

  • Cosmetic ACD is more prevalent in females.
  • Face creams and hair dyes are the primary cosmetic products linked to ACD.
  • Gallate mix, cetrimide, and thiomersal are key allergens in cosmetic-induced ACD.