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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Temporal bone fracture causing superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

Kevin A Peng1, Sameer Ahmed1, Isaac Yang2

  • 1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS 62-132, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Case Reports in Otolaryngology
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Temporal bone fractures can directly cause superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD), an inner ear condition. Prompt diagnosis of SCD after head trauma is crucial for timely treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) is an inner ear malformation causing vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss.
  • The "two-hit" hypothesis suggests SCD results from thin bone disruption due to intracranial pressure changes.
  • While head trauma can precipitate SCD symptoms, direct causation by temporal bone fracture hasn't been previously reported.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD) directly caused by temporal bone fractures.
  • To highlight the importance of recognizing temporal bone fractures as a cause of SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Case study of two patients with closed head trauma and subsequent unilateral otologic symptoms.
  • Computed tomography (CT) imaging to identify temporal bone fractures extending into the superior semicircular canal.

Main Results:

  • Both patients sustained temporal bone fractures after head trauma.
  • CT scans confirmed fractures through the superior semicircular canal roof in both cases.
  • Patients presented with symptoms consistent with superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

Conclusions:

  • Temporal bone fractures, typically managed nonoperatively, can directly cause superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SCD).
  • This finding expands the known etiologies of SCD.
  • Early recognition and diagnosis of SCD secondary to temporal bone fracture are essential for effective management of this treatable condition.