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Phosphodiester bond forms when a phosphoric acid molecule (H3PO4) links with two hydroxyl groups (–OH) of two other molecules, forming two ester bonds. Two water molecules are released in this process. The phosphodiester bond is commonly found in nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and plays a critical role in their structure and function.
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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A modular phosphate tether-mediated divergent strategy to complex polyols.

Paul R Hanson1, Susanthi Jayasinghe1, Soma Maitra1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA.

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry
|October 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

A novel one-pot synthesis efficiently creates diverse polyol fragments using a phosphate tether and sequential reactions. This modular approach allows for controlled synthesis of complex molecules with specific structural features.

Keywords:
one-potorganophosphorusphosphate-tetherpolyolsequential processesstereodivergent

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyol subunits are crucial building blocks in various chemical syntheses.
  • Developing efficient and divergent synthetic routes is essential for accessing diverse molecular architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report an efficient and divergent synthesis of polyol subunits.
  • To develop a modular, three-component coupling strategy for polyol synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a phosphate tether-mediated, one-pot, sequential ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross-metathesis (CM), and reduction process.
  • Employing a modular, three-component coupling strategy involving olefinic-alcohol components and a phosphoryl chloride.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized five distinct polyol fragments.
  • Achieved differential olefinic geometries at the periphery of the polyol products.
  • Demonstrated the utility of controlling the order of addition for modular synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed protocol offers an efficient and divergent method for synthesizing polyol subunits.
  • The modular strategy enables the controlled construction of complex polyol structures with tailored peripheral features.