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Laparoscopic versus open inguinal hernia repair in pediatric patients: a systematic review
Ciro Esposito1, Shawn D St Peter, Maria Escolino
11 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples , Italy .
Insights
Laparoscopic hernia repair (LH) is faster for bilateral inguinal hernias and has fewer complications than open repair (OH). Recurrence rates are similar for both techniques in infants and children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric surgery
- Minimally invasive surgery
Background:
- Inguinal hernia is a common pediatric surgical condition.
- Debate exists regarding the benefits of laparoscopic hernia repair (LH) versus open hernia repair (OH).
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and compare the outcomes of LH and OH in pediatric patients.
- To analyze operative time, recurrence rates, and other complications.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of studies published in the last 20 years.
- Analysis of 53 studies comparing outcomes of OH and LH.
- Statistical analysis using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test.
Main Results:
- LH is faster for bilateral hernias (P=.01); no significant difference for unilateral hernias (P=.33).
- Recurrence rates are similar (P=.66); other complications are higher with OH (P=.001).
- Laparoscopy aids in identifying rare hernias; contralateral patency rates vary (19.9%-66% for unilateral cases).
Conclusions:
- LH offers advantages in operative time for bilateral hernias and reduced complications, particularly wound infections, compared to OH in infants.
- Recurrence rates are comparable between LH and OH.
- Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Aim:
Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions in infants and children. However, considerable debate exists regarding the role of laparoscopic hernia repair (herniorrhaphy) (LH) and its benefits over conventional open hernia repair (herniorrhaphy) (OH). The aim of this review is to analyze the current literature to determine the outcome of LH compared with OH.
Materials And Methods:
A literature search was performed on all studies published during the last 20 years, reporting on outcomes of OH and LH, in terms of operative time, recurrence rate and other complications, finding of rare hernias, and incidence of contralateral patency. The chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the results of the study.
Results:
Fifty-three studies matched our inclusion criteria. As for operative time, in unilateral inguinal hernia repair, there was no significant difference between LH and OH (P=.33). In contrast, in bilateral disease, LH is faster than OH (P=.01). As for the recurrence rate, no significant difference was observed between the two techniques (P=.66), whereas the rate of other complications was significantly higher for OH compared with LH (P=.001). Laparoscopy has the advantage to identify and treat rare hernias (direct, femoral, "en pantalon") that are never reported in articles focused on inguinal OH. In laparoscopic series, in the case of unilateral hernia, the incidence of contralateral patency varied between 19.9% and 66%.
Conclusions:
In this systematic review, it seems that LH is faster than OH for bilateral hernias, whereas there is no significant difference in terms of operative time for unilateral inguinal hernia repair. Recurrence rate is similar for both techniques. As for other complications such as wound infections, it is higher for OH compared with LH, especially in infants. A prospective comparative study is necessary on this topic to strongly support the results of our systematic review.
