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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Top-down modulation of visual and auditory cortical processing in aging.

Maria J S Guerreiro1, Judith Eck2, Michelle Moerel3

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.

Behavioural Brain Research
|October 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults can effectively suppress visual distractions, even when focusing on auditory information. This challenges the idea that cognitive decline in aging is due to a general deficit in ignoring irrelevant stimuli.

Keywords:
AgingSelective attentionSensory modalityTop-down modulationfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline is often linked to reduced top-down attentional control over sensory processing.
  • Recent research suggests age differences in selective attention may depend on the sensory modality involved.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how sensory modality influences age-related differences in top-down attentional modulation of sensory cortical processing.
  • To examine the capacity of older adults to modulate visual and auditory sensory information during attention tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study younger and older adults.
  • Participants completed memory tasks with manipulated attentional instructions, varying visual and auditory information relevance.
  • Perceptual features remained constant while attentional demands shifted across modalities.

Main Results:

  • No top-down modulation of auditory sensory cortical processing was observed in either age group.
  • Both younger and older adults demonstrated top-down modulation of visual cortical processing.
  • The ability to modulate visual processing did not differ significantly between age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults effectively suppress irrelevant visual information when attending to auditory stimuli, indicating preserved cross-modal attentional control.
  • These findings challenge the prevailing theory that age-related cognitive decline stems from a generalized deficit in suppressing irrelevant information.