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Related Concept Videos

Transgenic Plants02:50

Transgenic Plants

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Solvents01:12

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
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Tonicity in Plants00:53

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Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.
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An Efficient Clearing Protocol for the Study of Seed Development in Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Dora Garcia1, Javier Narváez-Vásquez, Martha L Orozco-Cárdenas

  • 1Plant Transformation Research Center, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92507-0124, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study details Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for genetically modifying tomato plants. It provides methods for gene integration analysis and expression verification in the Micro-Tom cultivar.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a key technique for genetic modification in Solanaceae species.
  • Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important model and crop species for genetic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a protocol for the genetic transformation of tomato cultivar Micro-Tom.
  • To detail methods for assessing transgene integration and expression.

Main Methods:

  • Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using cotyledon explants from Micro-Tom tomato cultivar.
  • Duplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) TaqMan assay for determining gene-copy number.
  • Histochemical analysis for assessing GUS (beta-glucuronidase) reporter gene expression.

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Tomato Root Transformation Followed by Inoculation with Ralstonia Solanacearum for Straightforward Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Disease
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Main Results:

  • Successful genetic transformation of tomato Micro-Tom cultivar was achieved using cotyledon explants.
  • The protocol includes reliable methods for quantifying transgene copy number.
  • Histochemical analysis confirmed the expression of the introduced gene.

Conclusions:

  • The described protocol provides a robust method for the genetic transformation of tomato Micro-Tom.
  • Accurate assessment of gene-copy number and expression is crucial for transgenic plant development.
  • This methodology can be applied to other Solanaceae species.