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Mandibular Actinomyces Infection Mimicking a Malignancy: Case Report.

Gülay Bulut¹, Yasemin Bayram, Mehmet Deniz Bulut

¹Departments of Pathology, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, VAN, TURKEY.

Turk Patoloji Dergisi

|October 11, 2014

Summary

Actinomycosis, a rare infection caused by Actinomyces israelii, can mimic malignancy. Early diagnosis through biopsy is crucial for differentiating this condition from cancer, especially in mandibular masses.

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Area of Science:

Oral Surgery
Infectious Diseases
Pathology

Background:

Actinomycosis is a rare, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous disease.
It is caused by Actinomyces israelii, a common oral saprophytic organism.
Diagnosis typically relies on microbial culture or identifying characteristic sulfur granules in tissue.

Observation:

A patient presented with an eight-month-growing mandibular mass.
Clinical and radiological assessments suggested a malignant tumor.
Histopathological examination of the mandible confirmed actinomycosis.

Findings:

Actinomycosis can present as a mandibular mass.
The condition can radiologically and clinically mimic oral malignancies.
Histopathology is essential for definitive diagnosis.

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Implications:

Mandibular masses with suspected malignancy require careful differential diagnosis.
Bone biopsy or fine-needle aspiration are critical pre-operative diagnostic tools.
Recognizing actinomycosis prevents misdiagnosis and ensures appropriate treatment.