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Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Ultrasonographic Assessment During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Published on: October 24, 2020

AWARE-AWAreness during REsuscitation-a prospective study.

Sam Parnia¹, Ken Spearpoint², Gabriele de Vos³

¹Stony Brook Medical Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA.

|October 11, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac arrest survivors often report memories and awareness during resuscitation, with 2% experiencing verifiable consciousness. These experiences may contribute to cognitive deficits and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after cardiac arrest (CA).

Keywords:

Awareness Cardiac arrest Consciousness Explicit memory Implicit memory Near death experiences Out of body experiences Post traumatic stress disorder

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Area of Science:

Medical research
Neuroscience
Psychology

Background:

Cardiac arrest (CA) survivors frequently experience cognitive deficits, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
The relationship between cognitive/mental experiences during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and these deficits remains unclear.
Systematic studies on the range and nature of cognitive experiences during CPR are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence and validity of awareness during CA.
To explore the range, characteristics, and themes of memories and cognitive processes during CA.
To examine the feasibility of objectively verifying claims of awareness during CPR.

Main Methods:

A 4-year multi-center observational study using a three-stage quantitative and qualitative interview system.
Investigated 2060 cardiac arrest events, interviewing 140 survivors in stage 1 and 101 in stage 2.
Employed specific tests to objectively verify claims of visual and auditory awareness during CPR.

Main Results:

46% of survivors reported memories with themes including fear, bright light, and family.
9% experienced near-death experiences (NDEs), and 2% reported verifiable awareness with explicit recall of resuscitation events.
One case demonstrated verifiable conscious awareness during a period when cerebral function was not expected.

Conclusions:

A significant proportion of cardiac arrest survivors report diverse cognitive themes and memories during resuscitation.
2% of survivors exhibited verifiable awareness, suggesting consciousness may persist despite undetectable brain activity.
These experiences, particularly fearful ones, may contribute to the development of PTSD and other cognitive impairments post-cardiac arrest.