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Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Published on: March 11, 2016

Fundus autofluorescence features in the inflammatory maculopathies.

Cecilia S Lee¹, Aaron Y Lee², Farzin Forooghian³

¹Section of Vitreoretinal Disease and Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Emory Eye Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

|October 11, 2014

Summary

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging reveals distinct patterns in inflammatory maculopathies. Quantification of foveal autofluorescence (AF) metrics like median and standard deviation (SD) can objectively track disease progression.

Keywords:

foveal autofluorescence fundus autofluorescence imaging posterior uveitis quantification

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Retinal Diseases

Background:

Inflammatory maculopathies present diverse clinical manifestations.
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) is a key imaging modality for retinal diseases.
Objective quantification of FAF in these conditions is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the FAF features of various inflammatory maculopathies.
To develop and validate a quantitative method for FAF analysis in these conditions.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 30 eyes from 15 patients with inflammatory maculopathies.
Qualitative and quantitative FAF imaging was performed.
Median and standard deviation (SD) of foveal autofluorescence (AF) intensity were measured.

Main Results:

Active inflammatory maculopathies often showed hyperautofluorescent lesions, with specific patterns for each condition.
Acute macular neuroretinopathy and unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) exhibited the highest median foveal AF.
UAIM showed the greatest SD of foveal AF intensity, indicating complex AF patterns.

Conclusions:

FAF imaging provides characteristic features for inflammatory maculopathies.
Quantitative metrics like median and SD of foveal AF can objectively assess disease activity and evolution.
Improved FAF quantification methods may enhance the objective evaluation of posterior uveitis.