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Individuals with higher checking symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show better memory for OCD-related content but also increased forgetting. Cognitive confidence influences this memory decline, suggesting metacognitive therapy targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Clinical psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors.
  • Individuals with OCD, particularly checkers, often exhibit memory impairments.
  • However, memory for OCD-specific material can be superior in checkers during encoding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine memory performance for emotion-related (OCD-specific) versus neutral material in relation to checking severity.
  • To investigate the role of metacognitive factors, such as cognitive confidence, in memory for OCD-specific content.
  • To explore whether diagnostic status or symptom severity predicts memory outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed immediate and delayed recall of neutral and OCD-specific stories (checking/washing content) in 63 participants (26 with OCD).
  • Employed regression analyses to correlate checking symptom severity with memory performance.
  • Examined the influence of metacognitive characteristics on recall and forgetting rates.

Main Results:

  • Higher checking symptom severity correlated with better recall of checking-related stories compared to neutral ones.
  • Increased checking severity also predicted higher rates of forgetting for OCD-specific material over time.
  • Cognitive confidence mediated the relationship between checking severity and forgetting rates; diagnostic status was not a significant predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Memory encoding and retrieval in OCD checkers are influenced by distinct cognitive and affective processes at different stages.
  • Metacognitive therapy may be beneficial in addressing these memory-related deficits and reducing OCD symptoms.
  • Future research should utilize more ecologically valid, idiosyncratic material to enhance findings' applicability.