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Related Concept Videos

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials01:24

Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials

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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Shearing Stress01:18

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Shearing stress, denoted by the Greek letter tau (τ), is stress caused by forces acting transversely on an object. These forces create internal ones within the entity in the plane where the external forces are applied. The resultant of these internal forces is the shear in the section.
The average shearing stress can be calculated by dividing the shear by the area of the cross-section.
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Plastic Behavior

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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Studying Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear Response of Soft Materials
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Shear banding in soft glassy materials.

S M Fielding1

  • 1Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|October 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Soft materials exhibiting glassy features show a yield stress and shear banding. Theoretical models, including soft glassy rheology, explain these phenomena, addressing both permanent and transient shear bands.

Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Rheology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Many soft materials (e.g., microgels, emulsions, liquid crystals) possess 'glassy' characteristics like structural disorder and metastability.
  • These properties lead to distinct low-frequency shear rheology, including a yield stress and the phenomenon of shear banding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental data on shear banding in soft glassy materials.
  • To present theoretical progress in understanding yield stress fluids and shear banding.
  • To compare different theoretical approaches and identify remaining challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of experimental data on shear banding.
  • Theoretical modeling using the soft glassy rheology (SGR) model and a simple fluidity model.

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  • Comparison with other theoretical frameworks like elasto-plastic models and shear transformation zone theories.

    • Main Results:

    • Identification of two classes of yield stress fluids: those with permanent shear bands and those with transient bands.
    • Theoretical models provide insights into the mechanisms behind shear banding.
    • Transient shear bands can persist long enough to be mistaken for steady-state behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • Soft glassy rheology and fluidity models offer valuable frameworks for understanding yield stress fluids and shear banding.
    • Further theoretical and experimental work is needed to fully address the complexities of these phenomena.
    • Distinguishing between transient and permanent shear bands is crucial for accurate material characterization.