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On the development of procedural knowledge.

D B Willingham1, M J Nissen, P Bullemer

  • 1Harvard University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Normal subjects can learn sequences implicitly through procedural learning, even without conscious awareness. Further training enhances both procedural and declarative knowledge independently.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Learning and Memory

Background:

  • Amnesic patients exhibit procedural learning of spatial sequences without awareness.
  • This study investigates implicit procedural learning in healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine procedural learning in normal subjects using a serial reaction time task.
  • To determine the relationship between procedural and declarative knowledge development.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a serial reaction time task.
  • Assessed procedural learning through sequence performance.
  • Evaluated declarative knowledge through explicit recall and savings.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A subset of subjects demonstrated significant procedural learning without declarative knowledge.
  • Procedural and declarative knowledge increased with additional training, independently.
  • Learning showed limited transfer to a different motor context.

    • Conclusions:

    • Procedural learning can occur without conscious awareness in healthy individuals.
    • Procedural and declarative knowledge systems develop independently.
    • Procedural learning in this task is not purely perceptual or motor and has limited transfer.