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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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[Br]eaking FAt.

Siegfried Ussar1, Matthias H Tschöp2

  • 1Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich 85748, Germany.

Cell
|October 11, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research identifies branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids as key regulators of insulin secretion and glucose uptake. These compounds activate G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120), impacting whole body metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic signaling pathways
  • Endocrinology
  • Lipid biochemistry

Background:

  • Fatty acids are crucial signaling molecules involved in metabolism and physiology.
  • Understanding novel regulators of glucose homeostasis is vital for metabolic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel fatty acid derivatives that modulate insulin secretion and glucose uptake.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of action for these newly discovered signaling molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and synthesis of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids.
  • In vitro assays to measure insulin secretion.
  • Cell-based assays to assess glucose uptake.
  • G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) activation studies.

Main Results:

  • A novel class of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids was identified.
  • These compounds stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
  • They enhance glucose uptake in target tissues.
  • Activation of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) mediates these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids represent a new class of metabolic regulators.
  • Targeting G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) with these fatty acids offers a potential therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.
  • Further research into these lipid mediators could uncover new insights into glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.