[Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging].

Area of Science:

• Radiology and Medical Imaging
• Pharmacology
• Nephrology

Background:

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizes contrast agents to improve image quality and diagnostic accuracy.
• Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are widely employed for their ability to enhance visualization of tissues, function, and metabolism.
• Increasing use necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their properties and safety profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review approved gadolinium-based contrast agents for clinical use.
• To detail the chemical characteristics, stability, and safety of GBCAs.
• To discuss adverse reactions, nephrotoxicity, and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis associated with GBCAs.

Main Methods:

• Review of approved gadolinium-based contrast agents.
• Analysis of chemical structure, stability, and safety data.
• Discussion of clinical guidelines, recommendations, and contraindications.

Main Results:

• Gadolinium-based contrast agents generally exhibit a favorable safety profile.
• Potential adverse reactions, including nephrotoxicity and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, are identified.
• Guidelines for clinical use, including special populations, are outlined.

Conclusions:

• Gadolinium-based contrast agents are valuable tools in MRI, offering improved diagnostic capabilities.
• Awareness and management of potential risks, such as nephrotoxicity, are crucial for safe clinical application.
• Adherence to current guidelines ensures optimal patient management and safety.